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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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91
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apr_jun
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0610320.000
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<text>
<title>
(Jun. 10, 1991) Requiem for the Space Station
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
June 10, 1991 Evil
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
SPACE, Page 59
Requiem for the Space Station
</hdr><body>
<p>NASA's proposed house in the sky will cost too much -- and do too
little
</p>
<p>By DENNIS OVERBYE
</p>
<p> Once upon a time, a space station seemed like a good
idea. Back in 1984, when NASA first proposed to put a permanent
house in orbit, it sounded like a logical next step for a nation
gaining confidence in its new shuttle, flexing its space legs
and preparing to go farther. After all, if we were going to send
humans to Mars or back to the moon, the astronauts needed a
place to assemble their giant spaceships; if we were going to
monitor large-scale changes on earth, scientists needed a
platform to watch from; if ultra-pure drugs and crystals
produced in zero gravity were going to revolutionize industry,
technicians needed a place to make the stuff. The space station
was supposed to cost $8 billion and be ready in 1992.
</p>
<p> That was then and this is now. In the meantime, Challenger
exploded, Hubble blurred, and the prospective space station
ballooned to a Tinkertoy-looking assemblage bigger than a
football field with a price tag of $38 billion, which would
require 3,700 hours a year of dangerous spacewalking to
maintain. Recently NASA scaled back the space station, shaving,
it said, about $8 billion off the cost, but the General
Accounting Office pegged the price of this new space station at
$40 billion. The long-term cost, the GAO said, could amount to
$118 billion, which puts the station in the same league as the
S&L bailout and the Advanced Tactical Fighter.
</p>
<p> All this for a space station that does . . . nothing. In
the interest of saving money, NASA planners stripped the
station of its varied and often contradictory functions. No
longer was it to be a truck stop or observation platform or
metallurgical factory. The sole stated scientific rationale left
for the station was to conduct biological research on
weightlessness, but the plans originally omitted a centrifuge,
the most important gadget needed to do that work. The National
Academy of Sciences concluded that the space station had no
scientific use at all. Which left as the main purpose of the
station what cynics have suggested it was all along: to be a
sort of WPA for the aerospace industry. In May the House
Appropriations subcommittee accordingly cut the station from
NASA's budget.
</p>
<p> Vowing to restore the space station, Administration
officials contend that science has never been the whole point
of the space station. Rather it is intended to maintain American
prestige (would that they felt the same way about health care,
say, or the arts). That's the kind of thing we used to hear
about the space shuttle when the rest of the space program was
being consumed by its development costs.
</p>
<p> There has always been a slightly strained air to NASA's
pronouncements about the space shuttle, like the comparison of
last month's Star Wars mission to a ballet -- this from an
agency that has been to the moon and skimmed the rings of
Saturn.
</p>
<p> Ten years after the first launch of the space shuttle was
supposed to initiate an era of routine space flight, NASA still
doesn't have its act together. As of this writing, technicians
are counting down for a nine-day life-sciences mission,
originally scheduled for the mid-1980s. During the most recent
delay, engineers were horrified to discover, more or less by
accident, that sensors in Columbia's fuel line were cracked. If
one had broken loose, it could have been sucked into the
spacecraft's powerful pumps, causing the ship to explode in a
replay of the Challenger disaster. Apparently nobody had ever
thought of checking the fuel line's sensors before.
</p>
<p> As the popular saying goes, "You don't have to be a rocket
scientist to . . ." The problem, of course, is that NASA is full
of rocket scientists, but its fatal flaws always turn out to be
of the homely variety. The engineers can rebuild computers
floating upside down in space, but they forget to talk to one
another on the ground. So the managers of the Hubble Space
Telescope didn't know there may have been something wrong with
the mirror's shape, and the launch officials didn't know O rings
could stiffen in the cold. It is no knock on the spacemanship
of the astronauts to admit that space is a difficult and
dangerous place -- just on the salesmanship of the agency that
put them there. NASA's strategy resembles George Bush's in the
Persian Gulf: get the troops over there, and then the people
will have to support them. NASA has always believed it has to
put people in space in order to have public support. The folly
of the space shuttle was that it put human lives at the center
of every space operation, no matter how trivial, outrageously
expensive or -- as it turned out -- dangerous. Seven people paid
with their lives. To paraphrase Bob Dylan, What price do we have
to pay to get out of going through all this twice?
</p>
<p> NASA for most of the past 30 years represented some of the
best that America and indeed the human race had to offer:
curiosity, resourcefulness, courage and a dream. But now the
agency's agenda seems bare except for what one Congresswoman
described recently as an empty garage. Forty billion dollars is
too much for a space station that does nothing -- not when there
are real adventures and real science on which to spend the
money. Commenting on the brave new do-nothing space station,
John Logsdon, a space policy analyst at George Washington
University, said that canceling the space station would be an
admission that NASA has wasted billions of dollars and years of
planning. It would, he explained, destroy the credibility of the
space program. Of course, exactly the opposite is true. NASA has
wasted years and billions. Canceling the space station would be
the best thing that ever happened to NASA's credibility. But it
would take real leadership, as opposed to the kind we've been
getting, which consists of waving a finger in the air and saying
we're No. 1.
</p>
<p> Once upon a time a space station seemed like a good idea.
But then so did putting teachers and Congressmen in space. Once.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>